Resisting Occupation: Connecting Palestine and Western Sahara - Webinar

Nonviolence International is proud to make connections across boundaries that for far too long we have allowed to divide us. We believe in the power of active nonviolence and offer this conversation as a way to celebrate the brave nonviolent leaders and our shared use of creative tactics and training to make us even more impactful. 

(Video above shows Sultana Khaya - while under heavy surveillance - joining our webinar through Salka Barca.)

This webinar was historic. This was one of the first times that we could hear Palestinian and Sahrawi voices share their experience of nonviolent resistance to occupation in Palestine and Western Sahara on the same panel. Israel and Morocco are in contravention of the UN charter through their military occupation and annexation of neighboring territories. Our Palestinian speakers, Mubarak Awad and Jonathan Kuttab have travelled to the Western Sahara and spoke about/on the parallels between the two occupations. Kuttab, a renowned international lawyer also discussed about the illegality of occupations and annexations and how these are a threat to world peace. Salka Marco talked about Sahrawi resistance to Moroccan occupation and human rights abuses. Kamal spoke to the need for solidarity with Palestinians and Sahrawis and how support for occupations and violation of human rights is damaging to the people of Morocco. Stephen Zunes provided an academic perspective outlining the similarities and connections between these two conflicts including the US government’s recognition of the Moroccan annexation in return for Morocco recognizing Israel.

Please Note: Mubarak would like to make a correction regarding the evacuation of a city by the Sahrawi people. During this discussion he said Moroccans left while it was the Sahwari people who held this amazing act of nonviolent resistance and would like to make this distinction to anyone watching to not cause confusion.

Time Stamps:

Rafif Jouejati - 0:00

Mubarak Awad - 5:40

Jonathan Kuttab - 14:30

Salka Barca - 20:00

Sultana Khaya - 22:40

Kamal Lfahsi - 32:30

Stephen Zunes - 42:10

Discussion - 52:00

Speakers:

Rafif Jouejati is a board member of Nonviolence International. She is the co-founder and director of the Foundation to Restore Equality and Education in Syria (FREE Syria), and the principal architect of the Syrian Freedom Charter project, which surveyed more than 50,000 Syrians on democratic aspirations and political transition. She is also a founding member of the Syrian Women’s Political Network, a member of the Board of Directors of The Day After, and President of the Board of Directors of Baytna. Rafif is the CEO of a company that helps client organizations evolve to higher levels of capacity and maturity through business development, targeted training, and strategic communication.

Mubarak Awad is a co-founder of Nonviolence International, an organization which promotes nonviolence worldwide. He was a leader in the 1st intifada in Palestine before he was deported by Israel to the United States. He visited Western Sahara in 2015 where he provided training in nonviolent struggle. He has a PhD in psychology, and also is the founder of a number of organizations that have focused on advocating and providing support for troubled and orphaned youth.

Jonathan Kuttab is a co-founder of Nonviolence International. Kuttab is a well-known international human rights attorney who is a member of the bar in Israel, Palestine, and the United States. He is the author of Beyond the Two-State Solution and many other publications. He is also a co-founder of the Palestinian human rights group Al-Haq and is President of the Board of Bethlehem Bible College. He has travelled to the occupied Western Sahara twice to provide training in human rights law and in nonviolent action.

Salka Barca is a nonviolence struggle advocate Born in Laayoune, the capital city of Western Sahara. She lived the first years of her childhood in the refugee camps, southwest Algeria. Obtained education in Tripoli, Libya and then Algeria. Barca was a literacy teacher in refugee camps. Furthermore, she was a member of the Saharawi women union.
Ms. Barca was the first Woman to advocate for Western Sahara nationally on immigration status in the United States. Worked with several organizations as an outreach for the Saharawi Cause, such as American Friends Service Committee and Sahara Fund; Ms. Barca is a linguist and a legal and medical interpreter/translator; an advocate for domestic-violence prevention. translated (50 crucial points for nonviolence struggle). Visited the occupied territories after 43 years in exile but was under surveillance of the
Moroccan police. co-founder of Karama Sahara, the first Non-governmental organization to include Moroccan human rights activists as honorary members.

Sultana Khaya is a Sahrawi woman human rights defender whose work focuses on promoting the right of self-determination for the Sahrawi people.. She is president of the organisation League for the Defense of Human Rights and against Plunder of Natural Resources in Boujdour. In the occupied territories, Sultana Khaya is a prominent figure on the frontline of the Moroccan occupation, participating in demonstrations and advocating for the end of the occupation and denouncing violence against Saharawi women. The woman human rights defender has travelled internationally to participate in conferences and other events relating to the human rights situation in Western Sahara and she has participated in the UN Human Rights Council twice.

Kamal Lfahsi is from Morocco and was born in 1971 in Morocco. He graduated from college in 1993 with a bachelor's degree in biology. At the same time, he became a leader among the National Union of the Students of Morocco. After graduating, Mr Lfahsi joined human rights activities and became the president of a local organization, the National Association of the Unemployed University Graduate in Morocco; later was arrested in 1999 for his role as a president and sentenced to 6 months in prison. 2000 Mr Lfahsi left Morocco to the United States and continued his education later and graduated from the Grove School of Engineering in New York City as environmental engineering. Currently, He is a Field utility Engineer and safety specialist of natural gas pipeline for a government agency in New York. Mr., Lfahsi is among many Moroccans who stands with the Saharawis in their plight of self-determination and a supporter of promoting human rights issues in Western Sahara and Morocco.

Stephen Zunes is a Professor of Politics and International Studies at the University of San Francisco, where he served as founding director of the program in Middle Eastern Studies. Zunes serves as a senior policy analyst for Foreign Policy in Focus project of the Institute for Policy Studies, an associate editor of Peace Review, and a contributing editor of Tikkun.
He is the author of hundreds of articles for scholarly and general readership on Middle Eastern politics, U.S. foreign policy, nonviolent action, and human rights. He is the principal editor of Nonviolent Social Movements (Blackwell Publishers, 1999), the author of the Tinderbox: U.S. Middle East Policy and the Roots of Terrorism (Common Courage Press, 2003) and co-author (with Jacob Mundy) of Western Sahara: War, Nationalism and Conflict Irresolution (Syracuse University Press, 2010).

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250 Calories Solidarity Fast for Gaza

 

 

Nonviolence International is honored to announce our co-sponsorship of the 40 Days and Escalate: Veterans & Allies Fast for Gaza, a worldwide fasting campaign organized by Veterans For Peace, with coordination support from Friends of Sabeel North America (FOSNA). This powerful act of nonviolent resistance aims to draw urgent attention to the humanitarian catastrophe unfolding in Gaza and to demand immediate action from the U.S. and all governments.

On May 22, we begin our 40 day fasting while demanding: a resumption of humanitarian aid, under UN authority, to Gaza and that the U.S. and other governments stop arming Israel NOW! 

Please join the solidarity fast that will take place from May 22nd until June 30th.

  • A 250-calorie-per-day regimen—mirroring the caloric intake of many Gazans under the ongoing blockade.
  • Fasting can be done in an individual or in a relay (chain) fast, where groups of individuals commit to fasting in succession to cover the 40-day period.
  • Do as little as 1 day (even if you can’t recruit a chain replacement) or as many as 40.

A Community Fast at the United Nations in New York City.

  • Some fasters will reside in community housing near the United Nations headquarters. This group will serve as a public face of the campaign, engaging in daily visibility actions and media outreach.

Escalation Plans

Should the campaign's demands remain unmet by June 30, organizers plan to escalate actions, including:

  • In-person demonstrations in New York City alongside centralized fasters.
  • Potential coordinated actions in other places around the world

How to Get Involved

Nonviolence International invites individuals and organizations to join this vital campaign:

  • Sign Up to Fast: Visit FOSNA's official campaign page for more information and to register your participation.

  • Become a Co-Sponsor: Organizations can express their support by co-sponsoring the campaign.

  • Spread the Word: Utilize social media and community networks to raise awareness. All participants are expected to amplify their involvement through social media, community events, and other forms of public engagement.

By standing in solidarity with the people of Gaza through this fast, we reaffirm our commitment to nonviolent action and the pursuit of justice. To gain a further understanding of how your individual fasting can make a difference, read NVI’s booklet on hunger strikes and fasts as types of nonviolent action here

 

Rebuilding Syria: Hope and Resilience beyond Sanctions

 

 

Hope, Resilience, and Civil Society in Syria

For more than 54 years, Syrians have endured immense hardships brought about by successive dictators: Hafez Al-Assad, followed by his son Bashar. We Syrians have navigated conflict, displacement, and economic uncertainty. Yet amid these challenges, the unwavering spirit of our people has remained unshaken. Syrians have maintained the hope for a normal life - one defined by peace, stability, and civic engagement - and this hope continues to grow.

Embracing Stability and Normalcy

Syrians are engaging in super-human efforts to rebuild communities, infrastructure, and social trust. While there remain significant challenges, families are working to reclaim daily routines, open businesses, and revive local traditions. Small victories - like the reopening of schools, open markets, and artists returning to their craft - are signs of resilience and determination.

A normal life for Syrians means fostering economic recovery, rebuilding infrastructure, ensuring access to education and healthcare, and creating spaces for open dialogue and civil peace. The international community has played a critical role in supporting these initiatives. In many cases, grants from the international community have helped to ensure that Syrians have the tools to rebuild and thrive.

The Impact of Lifting Sanctions

A significant shift in Syria’s path to recovery came yesterday, when U.S. President Donald Trump announced the removal of all U.S. sanctions on Syria. The sanctions, originally imposed due to Syria’s designation as a “State Sponsor of Terrorism” in 1979, had long contributed to economic hardship for ordinary Syrians. The additional imposition of economic sanctions on Bashar Al-Assad’s regime virtually crippled Syria. With the Assad regime’s ouster in December 2024, Syria’s new leadership, under President Ahmed al-Sharaa, has sought to reintegrate the country into the global economy.

President Trump’s decision to lift sanctions was framed as an opportunity for Syria to rebuild and “achieve greatness.” In Syria, celebrations erupted following the announcement. As usual, Syrian humor came to the forefront, with social media posts congratulating fellow Syrians “because now we can use Google Maps and don’t need to ask Damascenes for directions.” We now have a chance to restore financial stability, attract foreign investment, and revitalize industries that have been crippled by years of restrictions, not to mention regime corruption.

Syria’s Designation as a Sponsor of Terrorism

Despite the lifting of sanctions, Syria remains on the U.S. list of State Sponsors of Terrorism. This designation has historically led to restrictions on foreign aid, arms sales, and economic transactions. The ousted Assad regime’s long-standing ties to militant groups, including Hezbollah and various regional factions, contributed to Syria’s continued presence on the list. The new Syrian government under President Ahmad al-Sharaa has made efforts to distance itself from past affiliations, seeking international legitimacy and cooperation.

The Power of Nonviolence

Nonviolent resistance and civic engagement have long been powerful forces in shaping Syria’s future. From the beginning of the revolution in 2011, activists advocated for nonviolence as a means of effecting change. Local activists, journalists, and educators remain committed to fostering dialogue, advocating for human rights, and strengthening civil society. Across Syrian communities, grassroots movements emphasize reconciliation, justice, and unity over division.

Our dedication to nonviolence is evident in our efforts to rebuild trust among communities, support vulnerable populations, and create new opportunities for collaboration. As expatriates and residents in Syria, we are creating peacebuilding initiatives, cultural exchanges, and youth programs to drive constructive engagement and enable our fellow Syrians to forge a path forward while avoiding armed conflict.

The Role of Civil Society

Civil society organizations in Syria continue to play a critical role in addressing social and economic challenges. From humanitarian aid groups to local development initiatives, these organizations offer essential services while fostering a sense of community. Syrians engaging in civil society activities are shaping governance, promoting inclusivity, and amplifying the voices of their constituencies. International partnerships that support Syrian civil society empower communities to take charge of their own futures. Advocacy for democratic institutions, transparency, and social justice remains a pillar in Syria’s journey toward stability. As more Syrians participate in civic life, the country moves closer to a future built on cooperation and mutual respect.

Looking Ahead

Despite the challenges, Syrians have demonstrated incredible resilience, refusing to allow past difficulties to dictate their future. Hope is not merely an abstract concept - it is reflected in the everyday actions of those rebuilding their lives, seeking education, supporting their neighbors, and advocating for justice.

With the lifting of sanctions, Syria has a renewed opportunity to stabilize its economy, strengthen civil society, and regain international legitimacy. Syrians now feel that they can look forward to a future where security, opportunity, and peace define their daily lives. With unwavering determination, they continue to shape a better tomorrow - one step at a time.

Gaza Freedom Flotilla Boat Bombed Today

In the early hours of May 2nd, at approximately 12:30 AM, the Freedom Flotilla boat named Conscience was attacked by drones while sailing 14 nautical miles off the coast of Malta—over 1,000 miles from Gaza. The vessel was on a confidential humanitarian mission, carrying vital aid to Gaza, where civilians have now endured 58 days without access to food or clean water.

On board were over 30 individuals committed to a nonviolent mission, fully aware of the risks they were taking. Among them were healthcare professionals, grassroots organizers, and members of parliament representing more than 15 countries. The boat was scheduled to depart the following day directly for Gaza to deliver life-saving assistance to Palestinians as quickly as possible when it was targeted. 



This mission was one of many organized by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition since the blockade on Gaza began in 2007. Of those, three have been attacked. In 2010, a convoy of six ships carrying humanitarian aid and over 700 activists from around the world, was intercepted by Israeli commandos while attempting to break the naval blockade of Gaza. These missions have always been peaceful, civilian-led efforts to challenge the ongoing siege and bring urgently needed aid to those suffering under it.

What Can You Do?

  • Raise awareness. Share the stories and speak out. Let the world know what happened.
  • Amplify voices. Support those on the front lines of nonviolent resistance.
  • Refuse normalization. These attacks on humanitarian workers and peaceful activists must not become acceptable.

Donate. Support the Freedom Flotilla Coalition so future missions can continue in defiance of injustice.

Donate to our various Palestinian Humanitarian Effort groups, including: HIRN, and Dignity for Palestinians.

Donate to our Unarmed Civilian Protection groups, including: Holy Land Trust, Palestinian Unarmed Civilian Protection, Villages Project, and Center for Jewish Nonviolence.

A Nonviolent Pope!

A Nonviolent Pope!

                         The Nonviolent Pope! 

                                      Pope Francis at Israel's Separation Wall in Bethlehem                               
 

When Francis became Pope — the first from Latin America, the first Jesuit, the first to take the name Francis — it felt like a dove had landed on the roof of the Sistine Chapel. From his first appearance on the balcony in St. Peter's Square, asking for the people's blessing before giving his own, something had changed.

Throughout his papacy, Francis stood firm in his advocacy for Palestinian rights and dignity. In moments when the world turned away, he spoke boldly about the humanitarian crisis in Gaza and the West Bank. He made historic visits to Palestinian territories, praying at the separation wall and calling for a two-state solution built on justice and mutual respect. "Peace comes through dialogue, not walls," he declared, challenging both political powers and his own flock to see beyond geopolitical interests to the human faces of suffering.

He never let his title eclipse his purpose. He spoke truth to power — but also to his own Church, challenging its rigidity, calling it to remember the Gospel's radical tenderness. He reminded the institution to open its doors not just to the familiar, but to the forgotten.

Revolutionary Stance on Nuclear Weapons

Perhaps one of his most prophetic positions was his unequivocal declaration that the mere possession of nuclear weapons is morally unacceptable. In a historic 2017 address, Francis departed from decades of Catholic teaching that had tolerated nuclear deterrence, stating: "Weapons that result in the destruction of the human race are not only immoral but must also be considered an affront to humanity." This wasn't mere rhetoric; he instructed Vatican diplomats to sign and ratify the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, making the Holy See one of the first states to join the agreement.

His stance challenged not only the world's nuclear powers but also the Catholic faithful in those nations, asking them to consider whether security built on mutual threat truly reflected Gospel values.

He did not lead with dominance, but with discernment. He was humble, but never weak. Courageous, but never cruel. Intelligent, but never arrogant. And through that rare blend of virtues and a dramatic shift in the church’s outlook, he rekindled something the world was close to forgetting: the moral imagination.

Nonviolence at the Heart of Catholic Teaching

One of Francis's most transformative contributions was his effort to mainstream nonviolence into Catholic doctrine. Building on the 2017 World Day of Peace message, "Nonviolence: A Style of Politics for Peace," he worked tirelessly to move the Church away from its historical just war tradition toward embracing nonviolence as a core principle.

"To be true followers of Jesus today includes embracing his teaching about nonviolence," he wrote, establishing a commission to reexamine Church teaching on violence. Under his guidance, the Vatican hosted unprecedented conferences on nonviolence, bringing together theologians, peace activists, and victims of conflict to articulate a new Catholic understanding of conflict resolution through peaceful means.

This wasn't merely academic; Francis implemented these principles in Vatican diplomacy, offering mediation in global conflicts and using the Church's moral authority to advocate for peaceful solutions when military intervention seemed inevitable.

Has there ever been a more humble leader?

Francis reminded us that humility without courage is cowardice, and courage without wisdom is recklessness. That real leadership begins where ego ends.

He reminded the Church that its mission is not to control, but to liberate. Not to wound, but to heal. Not to sit in judgment, but to walk in mercy.

He made the world believe in miracles again. Not lightning-bolt miracles, but quiet, persistent ones: a word of forgiveness. A public embrace. A softened heart. A table with room for everyone.

His death leaves a hollow space — not just in Rome, but in the lives of those who saw in him a reflection of what the Church could be. Not perfect, but present. Not powerful, but prophetic. Not above the people, but among them.

Francis was not chosen in the traditional sense. He was blessed to choose.

To choose love over fear. To choose encounter over ideology. To choose wholeness in a world addicted to fracture.

And so I ask you — as Pope Francis so often did:

Let us not be overcome by anger, suspicion, or division. In times of confusion, we are not called to inflame one another, but to encounter one another. With truth. With mercy. And with a desire for the common good. Pope Francis taught us to build peace, not with slogans or scapegoats, but with real acts of humility, care for the poor, and love for creation.

May we find the courage to embrace nonviolence not as passive acceptance of injustice, but as active resistance through love. May we work toward a world where nuclear weapons are remembered as a dangerous chapter in human history, not a present threat. And may we stand in solidarity with all who suffer under occupation and injustice, remembering Francis's constant refrain that peace is built on justice.

May we all find the courage to listen more than accuse, to serve more than condemn, and to heal more than wound. May God bless you — and guide us all.

 

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